Knowledge
of sanitation, in fact, has been with us for centuries. More than
4,000 years ago, residents of the island of Crete built a palace
that included a fresh water supply, a complete sewage system and
even wooden-seated flushing toilets.
Early plumbing engineers took advantage
of the steep grade of the land to devise a drainage system with
lavatories, sinks and manholes. A main sewer was constructed of
masonry, which linked four large stone shafts. The shafts acted as
ventilators and chutes for household refuse.
Crete engineers designed drainage
systems that were made from terra cotta pipes. The rain water from
the roofs and the courts, and the overflows from the cisterns
carried the water down into buried drains of pottery pipe. The
pipes had perfect socket joints, so tapered that the narrow end of
one pipe fixed tightly into the next. the tapering sections
allowed a jetting action to prevent accumulation of sediment.
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